Characteristics of participants by sleep duration 2007–2009 (N=4491)
| Hours of sleep | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All | ≤5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | ≥9 | p Value* | |
| Sleep duration, % (N) | 7.5 (335) | 29.0 (1303) | 41.8 (1875) | 19.7 (884) | 2.1 (94) | ||
| Age (years), mean (SD)† | 65.6 (5.9) | 66.5 (6.1) | 65.5 (5.9) | 65. 4 (5.8) | 66.1 (5.7) | 67.4 (6.2) | <0.0001 |
| Women, % (N) | 25.2 (1133) | 36.4 (122) | 26.9 (351) | 24.6 (461) | 20.1 (178) | 22.3 (21) | <0.0001 |
| Married, % (N) | 76.8 (3449) | 58.8 (197) | 74.2 (967) | 79.4 (1489) | 81.8 (723) | 77.7 (73) | <0.0001 |
| Employed, % (N) | 31.5 (1414) | 28.7 (96) | 36.9 (481) | 34.1 (640) | 20.9 (185) | 12.8 (12) | <0.0001 |
| Lowest wealth (<£200 000), % (N) | 9.3 (419) | 17.9 (60) | 10.1 (132) | 8.8 (164) | 6.5 (57) | 6.4 (6) | <0.0001 |
| High alcohol consumption, % (N) | 17.8 (800) | 13.4 (45) | 17.2 (224) | 17.6 (330) | 19.9 (176) | 26.6 (25) | 0.015 |
| Vigorous physical activity, % (N) | 13.3 (595) | 9.3 (31) | 12.0 (156) | 13.4 (251) | 16.4 (145) | 12.8 (12) | 0.007 |
| Current smoking, % (N) | 6.3 (283) | 5.4 (18) | 5.4 (70) | 6.7 (125) | 7.1 (63) | 7.5 (7) | 0.366 |
| BMI (kg/m2), mean (SD)† | 26.6 (4.3) | 27.4 (4.5) | 27.0 (4.6) | 26.5 (4.2) | 26.1 (4.0) | 26.7 (4.6) | <0.0001 |
| No long-term illness, % (N) | 34.6 (1555) | 24.5 (82) | 33.5 (437) | 35.9 (673) | 37.6 (332) | 33.0 (31) | <0.0001 |
| One or more ADL % (N) | 8.5 (382) | 15.8 (53) | 10.3 (134) | 6.8 (128) | 6.3 (56) | 11.7 (11) | <0.0001 |
| One or more IADL % (N) | 12.4 (555) | 21.8 (73) | 14.4 (188) | 10.2 (192) | 9.3 (82) | 21.3 (20) | <0.0001 |
| GHQ (modified), mean (SD) † | 1.9 (4.1) | 4.0 (6.1) | 2.3 (4.5) | 1.5 (3.6) | 1.3 (3.1) | 2.0 (3.8) | <0.0001 |
| High insomnia symptoms, % (N) | 32.5 (1461) | 64.5 (216) | 37.2 (484) | 27.1 (508) | 25.0 (221) | 34.0 (32) | <0.0001 |
| Chronic insomnia symptoms, % (N)‡ | |||||||
| No occurrence | 63.3 (2842) | 26.0 (87) | 53.0 (690) | 70.9 (1329) | 76.4 (675) | 64.9 (61) | <0.0001 |
| One occurrence | 17.4 (782) | 20.6 (69) | 20.6 (269) | 15.3 (286) | 15.8 (140) | 19.2 (18) | <0.0001 |
| Two occurrences | 11.1 (499) | 22.4 (75) | 15.4 (200) | 9.4 (176) | 4.9 (43) | 5.3 (5) | <0.0001 |
| Three occurrences | 8.2 (368) | 31.0 (104) | 11.06 (144) | 4.5 (84) | 2.9 (26) | 10.6 (10) | <0.0001 |
| Trouble falling asleep, %(N) | 3.1 (140) | 20.0 (67) | 3.3 (43) | 1.1 (20) | 1.0 (9) | 1.1 (1) | <0.0001 |
| Waking in the night, % (N) | 28.4 (1275) | 54.0 (181) | 31.5 (411) | 23.9 (448) | 23.3 (206) | 30.9 (29) | <0.0001 |
| Waking up tired, % (N) | 7.1 (317) | 26.6 (89) | 8.0 (104) | 4.4 (83) | 3.4 (30) | 11.7 (11) | <0.0001 |
| Trouble staying asleep, % (N) | 13.1 (588) | 52.2 (175) | 18.9 (246) | 6.8 (128) | 3.7 (33) | 6.4 (6) | <0.0001 |
| CASP-19, mean (SD)† | 43.5 (7.8) | 38.7 (9.2) | 42.4 (7.8) | 44.4 (7.2) | 45.0 (7.1) | 42.8 (8.1) | <0.0001 |
| SF-36 (PCS), mean (SD)† | 49.0 (8.5) | 45.5 (10.5) | 48.4 (9.1) | 49.7 (7.9) | 49.8 (7.8) | 46.1 (8.8) | <0.0001 |
| SF-36 (MCS), mean (SD)† | 53.9 (7.9) | 50.0 (10.6) | 53.2 (8.2) | 54.5 (7.3) | 55.0 (6.8) | 53.7 (8.7) | <0.0001 |
*p Value for heterogeneity.
†Mean (SD).
‡Number of times (1997–1999, 2003–2004 and 2007–2009) high level of insomnia symptoms reported.
ADL, activities of daily living; BMI, body mass index; CASP-19, Control, Autonomy, Self-realisation and Pleasure measure; GHQ, General Health Questionnaire; IADL, instrumental activities of daily living; SF-36 (MCS), Short Form Health Survey mental well-being component scores; SF-36 (PCS), Short Form Health Survey physical component scores.