Baseline characteristics of study participants by sex and diabetes type
| Women | Men | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | No diabetes | Type I | Type II | No diabetes | Type I | Type II | |
| N | 480 813 | 256 757 (96.3) | 369 (0.1) | 9396 (3.5) | 200 603 (93.6) | 458 (0.2) | 13 230 (6.2) |
| Age (years) | 480 813 | 56.2 (8.0) | 53.7 (7.8) | 58.8 (7.4) | 56.2 (8.2) | 55.4 (8.1) | 59.8 (7.0) |
| Ethnic background | 479 369 | ||||||
| White | 94.8 | 93.8 | 84.9 | 94.7 | 93.9 | 87.5 | |
| Mixed or non-white | 5.0 | 5.7 | 14.7 | 4.9 | 5.9 | 12.0 | |
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 448 985 | 135.0 (19.3) | 137.3 (17.5) | 139.5 (17.9) | 140.9 (17.4) | 141.0 (16.0) | 142.6 (16.9) |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 448 990 | 80.7 (10.0) | 74.6 (9.0) | 80.9 (9.8) | 84.4 (10.0) | 77.3 (9.6) | 82.5 (9.5) |
| Height (m) | 475 486 | 162.6 (6.3) | 163.1 (6.5) | 160.9 (6.5) | 175.9 (6.8) | 175.1 (7.3) | 174.4 (6.8) |
| Weight (kg) | 475 288 | 70.9 (13.7) | 73.9 (15.2) | 83.2 (18.3) | 85.3 (13.8) | 86.4 (16.5) | 94.1 (17.8) |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 475 805 | 84.1 (12.1) | 86.8 (14.3) | 98.1 (14.9) | 96.1 (10.8) | 98.2 (13.8) | 105.5 (13.4) |
| Hip (cm) | 475 755 | 103.0 (10.1) | 104.8 (10.9) | 111.0 (13.9) | 103.1 (7.3) | 104.4 (9.3) | 107.3 (10.0) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 475 002 | 26.9 (5.0) | 27.7 (5.2) | 32.1 (6.7) | 27.5 (4.0) | 28.2 (4.7) | 30.9 (5.3) |
| Waist-to-hip ratio | 475 712 | 0.81 (0.07) | 0.83 (0.09) | 0.88 (0.08) | 0.93 (0.06) | 0.94 (0.08) | 0.98 (0.07) |
| Body fat (%) | 468 631 | 36.4 (6.8) | 36.1 (7.1) | 41.4 (6.7) | 24.9 (5.7) | 24.1 (6.9) | 28.9 (5.9) |
| Smoking status (%) | 480 809 | ||||||
| Never | 59.7 | 59.1 | 58.5 | 50.5 | 52.6 | 40.0 | |
| Previous | 31.2 | 33.3 | 32.2 | 36.8 | 36.5 | 47.3 | |
| Current | 8.8 | 7.3 | 8.7 | 12.3 | 10.3 | 12.0 | |
| Socioeconomic status | 480 211 | ||||||
| Lower | 18.4 | 23.0 | 29.8 | 19.0 | 27.3 | 28.2 | |
| Middle | 29.9 | 33.6 | 30.9 | 29.1 | 27.3 | 29.3 | |
| Higher | 51.5 | 43.4 | 39.1 | 51.7 | 45.4 | 42.4 | |
| Antidiabetic medications (%) | 480 813 | ||||||
| Insulin product | 100.0 | 14.0 | 100.0 | 13.3 | |||
| Any oral antidiabetic drugs | 16.8 | 53.3 | 19.2 | 58.1 | |||
| Lipid-lowering medication (%) | 480 813 | 7.7 | 65.9 | 61.8 | 12.6 | 75.1 | 68.9 |
| Antihypertensive medications (%) | 480 813 | 11.6 | 55.0 | 52.7 | 14.7 | 66.8 | 59.0 |
| Age at diagnosis (years) | 18 381 | 17.8 (7.4) | 52.6 (10.5) | 18.4 (7.2) | 51.9 (11.3) | ||
Type I diabetes was defined as an age at diagnosis <30 years, and using insulin. All other participants with a self-reported history of diabetes were classified as type II diabetes.
BMI, body mass index.