Table 2

Mean differences in scores between the pre- and post-intervention examinations in the self-study and journal club groups

ExaminationSelf-study,
mean (SD)
(n=23)
Journal club,
mean (SD)
(n=23)
Difference in means (95% CI)p Value
Multiple choice1.04 (2.14)1.91 (2.02)0.87 (−0.37 to 2.11)0.164
Written−0.80 (3.25)2.26 (3.30)3.07 (1.12 to 5.01)0.003
Spoken−0.43 (3.71)1.48 (2.39)1.91 (0.06 to 3.77)0.043
  • Multiple choice score out of 15 possible points, written English out of 10 possible TOEFL points, and spoken English out of 12 possible TOEFL points.

  • TOEFL,Test of English as a Foreign Language.