Comparison of characteristics of women with and without pregestational diabetes mellitus
| Type 1 diabetes mellitus N=999 | Type 2 diabetes mellitus N=1572 | No diabetes mellitus N=299 223 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | Median (IQR) | N | Median (IQR) | N | Median (IQR) | p Value | |
| Maternal age (years)* | 999 | 29.0 (25.0, 33.0) | 1572 | 32.0 (28.0, 35.0) | 299 223 | 29.0 (25.0, 33.0) | >0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2)† | 875 | 25.0 (22.7, 28.5) | 1342 | 30.4 (25.5, 35.6) | 196 368 | 23.9 (21.4, 27.6) | >0.001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg)† | 874 | 74.0 (69.0, 80.0) | 1256 | 78.0 (70.0, 83.0) | 194 217 | 71.0 (67.0, 80.0) | >0.001 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg)† | 876 | 119.0 (110.0, 128.0) | 1256 | 120.0 (110.0, 130.0) | 194 528 | 117.0 (110.0, 124.0) | >0.001 |
| HbA1c† | |||||||
| Percentage | 557 | 7.9 (7.0, 9.3) | 485 | 7.0 (6.0, 8.4) | 18 | 5.4 (5.2, 7.1) | >0.001 |
| mmol/moL | 557 | 62.8 (53.0, 78.1) | 485 | 53.0 (42.0, 68.3) | 18 | 35.0 (33.0, 54.1) | |
| Random plasma glucose (mmol/L)† | 179 | 8.2 (6.0, 11.3) | 376 | 5.7 (4.7, 8.3) | 17 779 | 4.7 (4.3, 5.1) | >0.001 |
| Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L)† | 37 | 6.7 (5.2, 9.9) | 108 | 6.3 (4.9, 8.1) | 3210 | 4.7 (4.3, 5.0) | >0.001 |
| Length of prior records (years) | 999 | 3.0 (1.0, 6.0) | 1572 | 3.0 (1.0, 7.0) | 299 223 | 2.0 (1.0, 5.0) | >0.001 |
| N | Per cent (95% CI) | N | Per cent (95% CI) | N | Per cent (95% CI) | ||
| Overweight† | |||||||
| No | 354 | 35.4 (32.5 to 38.5) | 243 | 15.5 (13.8 to 17.3) | 100 340 | 33.5 (33.4 to 33.7) | >0.001 |
| Yes | 521 | 52.2 (49.0 to 55.2) | 1099 | 69.9 (67.6 to 72.1) | 96 028 | 32.1 (31.9 to 32.3) | |
| Missing | 124 | 12.4 (10.5 to 14.6) | 230 | 14.6 (13.0 to 16.5) | 102 855 | 34.4 (34.2 to 34.5) | |
| Smoking status† | |||||||
| Never | 428 | 42.8 (39.8 to 45.9) | 719 | 45.7 (43.3 to 48.2) | 127 379 | 42.6 (42.4 to 42.8) | >0.001 |
| Former | 305 | 30.5 (27.8 to 33.5) | 513 | 32.6 (30.4 to 35.0) | 88 820 | 29.7 (29.5 to 29.9) | |
| Current | 260 | 26.0 (23.4 to 28.8) | 339 | 21.6 (19.6 to 23.7) | 80 186 | 26.8 (26.6 to 27.0) | |
| Missing | 6 | 0.6 (0.3 to 1.3) | 1 | 0.1 (0.01 to 0.5) | 2838 | 0.9 (0.9 to 1.0) | |
| Ethnic group‡ | |||||||
| White | 421 | 42.1 (39.1 to 45.2) | 587 | 37.3 (35.0 to 39.8) | 106 507 | 35.6 (35.4 to 35.8) | >0.001 |
| Mixed | 5 | 0.5 (0.2 to 1.2) | 12 | 0.8 (0.4 to 1.3) | 1234 | 0.4 (0.4 to 0.4) | |
| Black | 7 | 0.7 (0.3 to 1.5) | 56 | 3.6 (2.8 to 4.6) | 4725 | 1.6 (1.5 to 1.6) | |
| Asian | 17 | 1.7 (1.1 to 2.7) | 138 | 8.8 (7.5 to 10.3) | 9248 | 3.1 (3.0 to 3.2) | |
| Other | 9 | 0.9 (0.5 to 1.7) | 26 | 1.7 (1.1 to 2.4) | 3369 | 1.1 (1.1 to 1.2) | |
| Missing | 540 | 54.1 (51.0 to 57.1) | 753 | 47.9 (45.4 to 50.4) | 174 140 | 58.2 (58.0 to 58.4) | |
| Townsend quintile§ | |||||||
| 1 | 223 | 22.3 (19.8 to 25.0) | 251 | 16.0 (14.2 to 17.9) | 65 220 | 21.6 (21.6 to 21.9) | >0.001 |
| 2 | 195 | 19.1 (17.2 to 22.1) | 263 | 16.7 (15.0 to 18.7) | 55 909 | 18.6 (18.5 to 18.8) | |
| 3 | 200 | 20.0 (17.6 to 22.6) | 341 | 21.7 (19.7 to 23.8) | 607 815 | 20.3 (20.2 to 20.5) | |
| 4 | 195 | 19.5 (17.2 to 22.1) | 344 | 21.9 (19.9 to 24.0) | 58 600 | 19.6 (19.4 to 19.7) | |
| 5 | 143 | 14.3 (12.3 to 16.6) | 280 | 17.8 (16.0 to 19.8) | 44 303 | 14.8 (14.7 to 14.9) | |
| Missing | 43 | 4.3 (3.2 to 5.6) | 93 | 5.9 (4.9 to 7.2) | 14 376 | 4.8 (4.7 to 4.9) | |
*Age at start of pregnancy.
†Recorded in the 12 months prior to pregnancy.
‡Recorded at any time prior to pregnancy.
§Record nearest to the start of the pregnancy was taken.
BMI, body mass index; HbA1c, glycated haemoglobin.