Table 4

Unadjusted and adjusted associations between any screen viewing (SV) activity and sociodemographic, home environment, parental knowledge and practices

			Unadjusted model				Multivariable model*
	N	Per cent SV	OR	Lower 95% CI	Upper 95% CI	p Value	OR*	Lower 95% CI	Upper 95% CI	p Value*
Sociodemographic characteristics
Age, <6 months	324	29.0	1.0				1.0
Age, >6 months	401	73.3	6.72	4.85	9.32	<0.001	8.07	5.57	11.69	<0.001
Chinese	425	46.6	1.0			<0.001†	1.0			<0.001†
Malay	196	65.3	2.16	1.52	3.06	<0.001	2.72	1.73	4.28	<0.001
Indian	82	58.5	1.62	1.00	2.61	0.049	2.53	1.39	4.61	0.002
Others	22	63.6	2.01	0.82	4.88	0.125	3.19	1.13	9.05	0.029
Male	401	55.1	1.0				1.0
Female	324	51.5	0.87	0.65	1.16	0.338	0.93	0.65	1.32	0.686
Mother education (primary/secondary)	174	60.9	1.0				1.0
Mother education (postsecondary)	551	51.2	0.67	0.48	0.95	0.025	0.70	0.42	1.16	0.167
Father education (primary/secondary)	148	59.5	1.0				1.0
Father education (postsecondary)	575	51.8	0.73	0.51	1.06	0.098	1.00	0.60	1.66	0.993
Income, <3000	134	58.2	1.0			0.278†	1.0			0.929†
Income, 3000–6000	297	54.2	0.85	0.56	1.28	0.439	0.96	0.57	1.62	0.882
Income, 6001–9000	170	52.4	0.79	0.50	1.25	0.309	1.11	0.59	2.08	0.755
Income, >9000	109	45.9	0.61	0.37	1.01	0.056	0.94	0.47	1.90	0.866
Parents married	711	53.3	1.0				1.0
Parents not married	14	64.3	1.58	0.52	4.75	0.418	1.85	0.52	6.62	0.343
Screen home environment
Up to 1 TV	309	49.5	1.0			0.176†	1.0			0.111†
2 TVs	236	56.8	1.34	0.95	1.88	0.093	1.57	1.03	2.40	0.036
3+ TVs	180	56.1	1.30	0.90	1.89	0.159	1.29	0.79	2.10	0.315
Up to 2 mobile devices	157	47.8	1.0			0.265†	1.0			0.326†
3 Mobile devices	199	55.3	1.35	0.89	2.06	0.160	1.47	0.89	2.45	0.135
4+ Mobile devices	369	55.0	1.34	0.92	1.94	0.128	1.26	0.77	2.07	0.352
Up to 1 computer	312	58.3	1.0			0.078†	1.0			0.892†
2 Computers	242	49.8	0.71	0.51	0.99	0.046	1.10	0.72	1.70	0.656
3+ Computers	171	50.0	0.71	0.49	1.04	0.078	1.02	0.61	1.70	0.939
0 Video consoles	504	53.0	1.0				1.0
1+ Video consoles	221	54.8	1.07	0.78	1.48	0.659	1.04	0.69	1.56	0.863
Parental knowledge of professional recommendations
Recommend minimal viewing	91	41.8	1.0			0.058†	1.0			0.145†
Recommend viewing <2 h/day	439	55.1	1.71	1.08	2.71	0.021	1.45	0.85	2.46	0.172
Recommend viewing >2 h/day	186	55.4	1.73	1.04	2.87	0.034	1.84	1.00	3.39	0.049
Parental SV practices
Parent screen time (lowest tertile)	238	55.9	1.0			0.357†	1.0			0.430†
Parent screen (medium tertile)	240	55.0	0.96	0.67	1.38	0.846	0.88	0.57	1.36	0.568
Parent screen time (highest tertile)	235	49.8	0.78	0.55	1.12	0.185	0.75	0.48	1.16	0.196
Parental rule setting practices
No rules on time and programme	178	60.7	1.0				1.0
Rules on time and programme	539	51.2	0.68	0.48	0.96	0.029	0.65	0.43	0.98	0.041

*Adjusted for all other co-variables.
†Overall p value.