Clinical StudiesBreastfeedilzg Support Services in the Neonutd Intensive-Care Unit
Section snippets
Sample
The sample consisted of 132 mother-infant pairs who received breastfeeding support services in a suburban Level III NICU during a 12-month period. Mothers expressed the desire to breastfeed and initiated lactation efforts when their infants were admitted to the NICU. Because heterogeneity of maternal and infant characteristics was desired, the researchers made no attempt to restrict inclusion criteria for such factors as maternal complications, infant diagnoses, or previous breastfeeding
Design
he study incorporated a participant-observation approach in which the investigators provided research- based breastfeeding interventions and then documented the interventions used and subsequent breastfeeding outcomes. The researchers selected this naturalistic design because the investigators and nursery staff believed that randomly assigning mothers to receive or not to receive interventions would be unethical. Additionally, the investigators thought that conducting a two-group randomized
Measures
The investigators developed two data collection forms to record the interventions. Members of the research team completed the first form, the Breastfeeding Intervention Record, for each mother-infant pair. This form included background information, such as demographic data, birth and NICU history, previous breastfeeding experience, and source of referral for breastfeeding services. The form also had space for the investigator to record the specific breastfeeding interventions provided to the
Procedures
The investigators assumed that all mothers were breastfeeding candidates until the mothers specified an intent to bottle-feed. This approach minimized the possibility that a breastfeeding mother might be overlooked or might fail to receive interventions needed to initiate lactation early after the birth. A member of the research team spoke with the mother directly, ei ther in the NICU, in the mother’s postpartum room, or by phone at the referring hospital.
Members of the research team provided
Defining and Quantifying Breastfeeding Support.
A five-category phasic model of breastfeeding support emerged from the data: expression and collection of mothers’ milk; gavage feeding of expressed mothers’ milk (EMM); in-hospital breastfeeding sessions; postdischarge breastfeeding management; and consultation, with the family, nursery personnel, or both, that was not combined with a specific intervention.
Expression and collection of mothers’ milk.
This category included a series of interventions that were provided early after the birth and reflected the establish-ment of a milk supply
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Psychometric Testing of the Modified Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale (Short Form) Among Mothers of Ill or Preterm Infants
2013, JOGNN - Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, and Neonatal NursingCitation Excerpt :This initiation rate ranges from 48% to 98% (Akerstrom, Asplund, & Norman, 2007; Flacking, Hedberg Nyqvist, Ewald, & Wallin, 2003; Furman, Minich, & Hack, 1998; Hedberg Nyqvist & Ewald, 1999; Hill et al., 1997; Tajanovska, Burns, & Johnstone, 2007). In the United States and Canada, 65% to 82.4% of preterm infants were reported to receive mother's milk upon hospital discharge (Buller, Campbell, Sgro, Stade, & McFadyen, 2008; Hill et al.; Meier et al., 1993). As reported for healthy term infants, studies of preterm and ill infants consistently report that many mothers discontinue breastfeeding prior to the recommended 6 to 12 months (Flacking et al., 2003; Furman et al., 1998).
Breastfeeding and the Premature Infant
2008, Primary Care of the Premature InfantBreastfeeding and the Premature Infant
2007, Primary Care of the Premature InfantIncidence and correlates of breast milk feeding in hospitalized preterm infants
2003, Social Science and MedicineKnowledge, Attitude and Practice of Mothers with Preterm Infants in Terms of Feeding
2022, Research SquareNursing theories developed to meet children’s needs: a scoping review
2022, Revista da Escola de Enfermagem