Article Text
Abstract
Objectives To investigate the longitudinal changes in intraocular pressure (IOP) and its associations with refractive error and systemic determinants in a Chinese geriatric population.
Design Prospective cohort study.
Setting Guangzhou Government Servant Physical Check-up Center, Guangzhou, China.
Participants 4413 government employees aged no less than 40 years (41.9% female) attending annual physical and eye examinations were included in this study. The inclusion criterion was having attended the 2010 follow-up examination. The exclusion criteria include glaucoma or intraocular surgery history, IOP >21 mm Hg at any visit or without available IOP data at all visits from 2010 to 2014.
Primary and secondary outcome measures The outcome measure was IOP at each follow-up visit from 2010 to 2014. Mixed-effect model was used to assess the relationship between longitudinal changes in IOP and potential risk factors.
Results For the 2653 participants who had available IOP data at both the 2010 and 2014 follow-up visits, the average change in IOP was an increase of 0.43 (95% CI 0.36 to 0.50) mm Hg. For the whole study population and in the optimised mixed model, there was a non-linear increase of IOP with age (P<0.001), with greater changes in younger subjects and in women (P<0.001 and P=0.002, respectively). Elevations in systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, body mass index (BMI) and fasting plasma glucose (FPG), as well as a myopic shift (all with P<0.001), during the follow-up were associated with an increasing trend of IOP, while serum lipids were found to be not significantly associated.
Conclusions In this cohort of elderly Chinese adults, IOP increases non-linearly with ageing. People with increasing blood pressure, BMI, FPG and myopic progression are more likely to have IOP elevation over time.
- intraocular pressure
- longitudinal
- blood pressure
- refractive error
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Footnotes
Contributors XH: data acquisition and analysis, drafting the work. TY: conception of the work, data acquisition and manuscript revision. JZ: data analysis and interpretation, manuscript revision. SY: data acquisition. XG: data acquisition and manuscript revision. WY: data interpretation and manuscript revision. YH: data acquisition and manuscript revision. MH: conception and design of the work, manuscript revision. All authors made the decision to submit this manuscript for publication, and vouch for the accuracy and completeness of the data and analyses.
Funding The study was supported by the Fundamental Research Funds of the State Key Laboratory in Ophthalmology, the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81125007), and a research grant from the Brien Holden Vision Institute. MH receives support from the University of Melbourne at Research Accelerator Program and the CERA Foundation. The Centre for Eye Research Australia receives Operational Infrastructure Support from the Victorian State Government.
Disclaimer The sponsor or funding organisation had no role in the design or conduct of this research. The sponsors had no role in study design, data collection, analysis or decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. The corresponding author has full access to the data and assumes final responsibility for the decision to submit for publication.
Competing interests None declared.
Patient consent Obtained.
Ethics approval The study was conducted under the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Ethics Committee of the Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University.
Provenance and peer review Not commissioned; externally peer reviewed.
Data sharing statement All data relevant to this manuscript will be available upon acceptance.