Article Text
Abstract
Objective Studies evaluating caffeine intake during pregnancy and long-term outcomes, such as the child's neurobehaviour, are still scarce and their results are inconsistent. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the association between maternal consumption of caffeine during pregnancy and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) at the age of 11 years.
Methodology All children born in the city of Pelotas, Brazil, during the year 2004, were selected for a cohort study. The mothers were interviewed at birth to obtain information on coffee and yerba mate consumption during pregnancy, among other matters. At the age of 11 years, presence of ADHD was evaluated using the Development and Well-Being Assessment (DAWBA) questionnaire, applied to the mothers. The prevalence of ADHD was calculated, with 95% CIs. The association between caffeine consumption and ADHD was tested by means of logistic regression.
Results 3485 children were included in the analyses. The prevalence of ADHD was 4.1% (95% CI 3.4% to 4.7%): 5.8% (95% CI 4.7% to 6.9%) among boys and 2.3% (95% CI 1.5% to 3.0%) among girls. The prevalence of caffeine consumption during the entire pregnancy and in the first, second and third trimesters was 88.7% (87.7% to 89.7%), 86.5% (85.4% to 87.5%), 83.0% (81.8% to 84.2%) and 92.3% (91.4% to 93.1%), respectively. Caffeine consumption during the entire pregnancy and the first, second and third trimesters were not associated with ADHD in the crude or adjusted analysis.
Conclusions The present study did not show any association between maternal caffeine consumption during pregnancy and ADHD at the age of 11 years.
- MENTAL HEALTH
- EPIDEMIOLOGY
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Footnotes
Contributors BD-P and ISS contributed to the design of the manuscript, carried out the initial analyses, drafted the initial manuscript, and approved the final manuscript as submitted. AM and ISS designed the data collection instruments, and coordinated and supervised data collection, critically reviewed the manuscript, and approved the final manuscript as submitted. LT-R, LA and TNM drafted the manuscript, critically reviewed it, and approved the final manuscript as submitted.
Funding This article is based on data from the study ‘Pelotas Birth Cohort, 2004’ conducted by Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology at Universidad Federal de Pelotas, with the collaboration of the Brazilian Public Health Association (ABRASCO). From 2009 to 2013, the Wellcome Trust supported the 2004 birth cohort study. The 11-year follow-up was also funded by the São Paulo Research Foundation—FAPESP (grant number 2014/13864-6). The World Health Organization, National Support Program for Centers of Excellence (PRONEX), Brazilian National Research Council (CNPq), Brazilian Ministry of Health, Children's Pastorate supported previous phases of the study. ISS and AM are supported by the CNPq.
Disclaimer The funding authorities had no involvement in study design; in the collection, analysis and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; in preparation of the article; nor in the decision to submit the article for publication.
Competing interests None declared.
Patient consent Obtained.
Ethics approval Cômite de ètica em Pesquisa da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Pelotas.
Provenance and peer review Not commissioned; externally peer reviewed.
Data sharing statement Additional data is available by emailing the corresponding author at bianca.delponte@gmail.com.