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BMJ Open 2: doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2012-002089
  • Public health
    • Research

Dying to be famous: retrospective cohort study of rock and pop star mortality and its association with adverse childhood experiences

Table 3

Crude mortality in rock and pop stars since point of fame and adjusted HRs using Cox survival analysis

Characteristics Crude death Adjusted HRs
Category N Died (%) χ² p HR 95% CIs Wald p
Type Low High
Performer type and continent European Band 606 5.4 36.32 <0.001 Ref 32.21 <0.001
European Solo 51 9.8 1.12 0.44 2.88 0.06 0.812
North American Band 718 10.2 2.09 1.39 3.16 12.36 <0.001
North American Solo 114 22.8 4.24 2.53 7.09 30.26 <0.001
Ethnicity Not White 168 15.5 8.93 0.003 Ref 0.057
White 1321 8.4
Sex Female 114 7.9 0.25 0.616 Ref 0.416
Male 1375 9.3
Age of fame Under 25 years 841 10.8 3.52 0.061 Ref 0.318
25 years or more 648 8.0
Year of birth ≤1955 529 19.7 108.95 <0.001 Ref 0.780
1956–1969 509 4.5 0.644
1970 or later 451 2.2 0.482
Year reached Before 1980 506 20.6 118.24 <0.001 Ref
Fame 1980 or later 983 3.4 0.43 0.28 0.67 14.10 <0.001

  • HR, hazard ratio; Ref, reference category.

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