Table 2
Characteristics of rock and pop star sample by geographical region
| Characteristics | Total | Europe | North America | p* | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | % | N | % | N | % | ||
| All | 1489 | 100 | 657 | 100 | 832 | 100 | |
| Male | 1375 | 92.3 | 613 | 93.3 | 762 | 91.6 | 0.216 |
| White | 1321 | 88.7 | 632 | 96.2 | 689 | 82.8 | <0.001 |
| Music genre | |||||||
| Pop/rock | 1350 | 90.7 | 616 | 93.8 | 734 | 88.2 | <0.001 |
| R&B | 42 | 2.8 | 3 | 0.5 | 39 | 4.7 | <0.001 |
| Electronica | 33 | 2.2 | 30 | 4.6 | 3 | 0.4 | <0.001 |
| New age | 4 | 0.3 | 4 | 0.6 | 0 | 0.0 | 0.024 |
| Punk | 3 | 0.2 | 3 | 0.5 | 0 | 0.0 | 0.051 |
| Rap | 57 | 3.8 | 1 | 0.2 | 56 | 6.7 | <0.001 |
| Solo performer | 165 | 11.1 | 51 | 7.8 | 114 | 13.7 | <0.001 |
| Died by 20/02/2012 | 137 | 9.2 | 38 | 5.8 | 99 | 11.9 | <0.001 |
| Likely cause of death (% of dead) | |||||||
| 1 Chronic disorder (drug/alcohol)† | 10 | 7.3 | 1 | 2.6 | 9 | 9.1 | 0.193 |
| 2 Drug/alcohol overdose | 25 | 18.2 | 10 | 26.3 | 15 | 15.2 | 0.130 |
| 3 Accident (drug/alcohol related) | 7 | 5.1 | 4 | 10.5 | 3 | 3.0 | 0.074 |
| 4 Suicide | 4 | 2.9 | 1 | 2.6 | 3 | 3.0 | 0.901 |
| 5 Violence | 7 | 5.1 | 1 | 2.6 | 6 | 6.1 | 0.414 |
| 6 Other accident | 19 | 13.9 | 5 | 13.2 | 14 | 14.1 | 0.881 |
| 7 Cardiovascular disease | 21 | 15.3 | 4 | 10.5 | 17 | 17.2 | 0.334 |
| 8 Cancer | 25 | 18.2 | 8 | 21.1 | 17 | 17.2 | 0.599 |
| 9 Other | 18 | 13.9 | 3 | 10.5 | 15 | 15.2 | 0.483 |
| (1–5) All substance use or risk related | 53 | 38.7 | 17 | 44.7 | 36 | 36.4 | 0.368 |
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*p (probability) describes differences between North American and European rock and pop stars. Percentages are compared using χ².
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†Chronic drug and alcohol disorders include liver, kidney and gastrointestinal diseases linked with substance use.
