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General practice / Family practice
Protocol
Theory-based electronic learning intervention to support appropriate antibiotic prescribing by nurses and pharmacists: intervention development and feasibility study protocol
  1. Molly Courtenay1,
  2. Rosemary Lim2,
  3. Rhian Deslandes3,
  4. Rebecca Ferriday1,
  5. David Gillespie4,
  6. Karen Hodson3,
  7. Nicholas Reid5,
  8. Neil Thomas1,
  9. Angel Chater6,7
  1. 1 School of Healthcare Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
  2. 2 School of Pharmacy, Reading University, Reading, Berkshire, UK
  3. 3 School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
  4. 4 Centre for Trials Research, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
  5. 5 Public Health Wales, Cardiff, UK
  6. 6 University of Bedfordshire, Centre for Health, Wellbeing and Behaviour Change, Bedford, UK
  7. 7 University College London School of Pharmacy, London, UK
  1. Correspondence to Dr Molly Courtenay; courtenaym{at}cardiff.ac.uk

Abstract

Introduction Nurse and pharmacist independent prescribers manage patients with respiratory tract infections and are responsible for around 8% of all primary care antibiotic prescriptions. A range of factors influence the prescribing behaviour of these professionals, however, there are no interventions available specifically to support appropriate antibiotic prescribing behaviour by these groups. The aims of this paper are to describe (1) the development of an intervention to support appropriate antibiotic prescribing by nurse and pharmacist independent prescribers and (2) an acceptability and feasibility study designed to test its implementation with these prescribers.

Method and analysis Development of intervention: a three-stage, eight-step method was used to identify relevant determinants of behaviour change and intervention components based on the Behaviour Change Wheel. The intervention is an online resource comprising underpinning knowledge and an interactive animation with a variety of open and closed questions to assess understanding. Acceptability and feasibility of intervention: nurse and pharmacist prescribers (n=12–15) will use the intervention. Evaluation includes semi-structured interviews to capture information about how the user reacts to the design, delivery and content of the intervention and influences on understanding and engagement, and a pre-post survey to assess participants’ perceptions of the impact of the intervention on knowledge, confidence and usefulness in terms of application to practice. Taking an initial inductive approach, data from interview transcripts will be coded and then analysed to derive themes. These themes will then be deductively mapped to the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation-Behaviour model. Descriptive statistics will be used to analyse the survey data, and trends identified.

Ethics and dissemination Ethical approval for the study has been provided by the School of Healthcare Sciences Research Governance and Ethics Committee, Cardiff University. The findings will be disseminated via publication in peer-reviewed journals and through conference presentations.

  • education & training (see medical education & training)
  • public health
  • infection control
  • primary care

This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.

https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-028326

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    Footnotes

    • Contributors MC made a substantial contribution to the conception and design (ie, the development of the intervention and the acceptability/feasibility study) of the work, and drafting of the work. AC and RL made a substantial contribution to the design of the work and drafting of the work. RD, RF, DG, KH, NR and NT made a substantial contribution to the conception of the work and drafting of the work. All authors approved the final version to be published and agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved.

    • Funding Funded by the Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) Impact Acceleration Account (IAA).

    • Competing interests None declared.

    • Patient consent for publication Not required.

    • Ethics approval Ethical approval for the study has been provided by the School of Healthcare Sciences Research Governance and Ethics Committee, Cardiff University, UK.

    • Provenance and peer review Not commissioned; externally peer reviewed.