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  • Does chronic high-intensity endurance training have an effect on cardiovascular markers of active populations and athletes? Systematic review and meta-analysis

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Cardiovascular medicine
Original research
Does chronic high-intensity endurance training have an effect on cardiovascular markers of active populations and athletes? Systematic review and meta-analysis
  1. Gashaw Tesema1,2,
  2. Mala George3,
  3. Abera Hadgu4,
  4. Esayas Haregot5,
  5. Soumitra Mondal6,
  6. D Mathivana6
  1. 1 Department of Sport Science, College of Natural and Computetional sciences, Mizan-Tepi University, Tepi, Ethiopia
  2. 2 Department of Sport Science, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
  3. 3 Department of Biochemistry, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia
  4. 4 Department of Pharmacology, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia
  5. 5 Tigray Health Reaserch Institute, Mekelle, Ethiopia
  6. 6 Department of Sport Science, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia
  1. Correspondence to Dr Gashaw Tesema; gashtesema{at}gmail.com

Abstract

Objective The objective of this study was to ascertain the effects of high-intensity chronic endurance training on cardiovascular markers of active populations and athletes.

Methods This review was conducted in accordance with the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. We used databases of PubMed, Science Direct, SPORTDiscus, Google Scholar and grey literatures with Mesh and free-text search as well as manual searches to identify relevant studies from June 2017 to September 2019. Weighted standardised mean differences and effect size of the intervention group versus the control group were calculated using a random effect model with 95% CI.

Result There was significant improvement in high-density lipoprotein with weighted standardised mean difference and effect size=−1.06 (−1.83 to −0.30), p=0.006. We have also observed a significant reduction in low-density lipoprotein and total cholesterol with weighted standardised mean difference and effect size=−0.97 (−1.58 to −0.36), p=0.002, and = −0.78 (−1.34 to −0.22), p=0.007, respectively. There was a significant reduction in interleukin 6 (IL-6) using a fixed effect model with weighted standardised mean difference and effect size=−0.87 (−1.33 to −0.40), p=0.0003 and C reactive protein (CRP) with weighted standardised mean differences and effect size=−0.41 (−0.73 to −0.09), p=0.01.

Conclusion Chronic high-intensity endurance training improves healthy lipid profiles (increase high-density lipoprotein, decreased low-density lipoprotein and total cholesterol). And decreased inflammatory markers (IL-6 and CRP) independent of age and sex and cannot be associated with an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease.

PROSPERO registration number CRD 42017081369.

  • endurance training
  • cardiovascular markers
  • active populations
  • athletes

This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.

https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-032832

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    Footnotes

    • Contributors All authors were involved in the design and concept of the study. MG involved in the consulting of the design and method of the study as well as in writing the manuscript. SM was involved in consulting the data gathering time and tools. DM was involved in designing theoretical framework of the study and GT involved from the conception to experiment and writing the manuscript. AH was involved in the systematic literature search and data extraction. EH was involved in statistical analysis.

    • Funding The authors have not declared a specific grant for this research from any funding agency in the public, commercial or not-for-profit sectors.

    • Competing interests None declared.

    • Patient consent for publication Not required.

    • Provenance and peer review Not commissioned; externally peer reviewed.

    • Data availability statement All data relevant to the study are included in the article or uploaded as supplementary information.